Murali Duggineni

Murali Duggineni

picture of early treadmill

Treadmill: cardio with a criminal past

Did you know treadmills began not as fitness machines, but as prison punishment devices? While modern treadmills symbolize health and endurance, their origins are surprisingly grim. In 1818, English engineer Sir William Cubitt invented the “tread-wheel” to reform idle prisoners…

The brutal history behind “to be screwed”

The expression “to be screwed” is commonly used today to describe being trapped in a hopeless or disastrous situation. While modern usage feels informal, its etymological roots are surprisingly dark, and literal inside the notorious conditions of 19th-century British prisons.…

How did a “bellwether” get its name

Long before stock markets and opinion polls existed, shepherds in medieval England had a simple system for managing their flocks. They would hang a bell around the neck of a castrated male sheep called a wether. The rest of the…

Blood, bombs, and the birth of May Day

May Day, also known as International Workers’ Day, is observed on May 1 in many countries to honor workers and the labor movement. Its origins trace back to the late 19th century, during a period of rapid industrialization marked by…